Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer develops in the tube connecting the throat to the stomach. The two main types are adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
Understanding Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal adenocarcinoma typically arises in the lower esophagus, often in the context of Barrett esophagus related to chronic acid reflux. Squamous cell carcinoma occurs more commonly in the upper and middle esophagus and is strongly associated with smoking and alcohol use.
Common Symptoms
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), often progressive
- Unintentional weight loss
- Chest pain or pressure
- Worsening indigestion or heartburn
- Coughing or hoarseness
How It Is Diagnosed
Diagnosis involves upper endoscopy with biopsy. Staging uses endoscopic ultrasound, CT, and PET-CT to assess depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, and distant spread.
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about Esophageal Cancer
What is Barrett esophagus?
Barrett esophagus is a condition where the normal lining of the esophagus is replaced by tissue similar to the intestinal lining, usually due to chronic acid reflux. It increases the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and requires regular surveillance.
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